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Patent No. 7166070 Method and apparatus for acoustical stimulation of the brain (Lawlis, et al., Jan 23, 2007)
Abstract
A method and apparatus is presented for acoustically stimulating the brain by generating primary and secondary acoustical signals having differing characteristics. The signal differential thereby creates a tertiary signal or third wave. A user is able to interactively adjust the characteristics of the third wave by adjusting the characteristics of the primary and/or secondary signals to benefit or ameliorate a specific human condition.
Notes:
BACKGROUND
OF THE INVENTION
Researchers have coined the term "Energy Medicine" to describe the interaction
of various forms of energy, such as, for example, electric, magnetic, thermal,
and acoustic energy with the functions of the body. Historically, most research
has been focused on the use of electric energy and acoustic energy to control,
induce or entrain brain waves or states benefiting conditions such as Attention
Deficit Disorder, Epilepsy, Stroke, and Parkinson's disease, to name a few,
or to enhance intellectual performance and concentration.
It has heretofore been demonstrated that human brain waves and activity can
be entrained or affected by specific acoustic stimulation. Similarly, the beneficial
effects of acupuncture and acupressure, also including crystal and magnetic
stimulation, have been documented on a number of medical conditions, principally
pain and anxiety. The present invention builds upon the previous efforts that
have, among other things, researched areas of the body that are susceptible
to Energy Medicine stimulation for the various organs and muscle groups as well
as previous efforts that have researched the acoustical or vibrational waveforms
related to physical, emotional and mental health.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention, as set forth in the appended claims, may be summarized
as a stimulation system comprising a signal generator capable of generating
at least two acoustic signals, each having a frequency of about 0.1 Hz to about
4,000 Hz. The system includes a user interface that communicates with the signal
generator and provides a user the capability to adjust the frequency and volume
of at least one of the two signals. Also included are first and second ear pieces
adapted to reside about the user's ears and each comprising a transducer for
converting the signal into acoustic energy for stimulating the brain to a desired
state of activity.
Further, the present invention comprises a user control for the beat of the
signals and the ability of the user to set up the two signals with different
volume, tone and/or beat characteristics. In such circumstances, the present
invention creates with the brain a third tone or signal based on the mismatch
or differential of the signals characteristics.
Further, the present invention comprises a method by which a user can interactively
determine the best combination of primary, secondary and tertiary signal characteristics
to benefit or ameliorate a particular condition or circumstance.
Other aspects of the present invention can be gleaned from the following description
of an embodiment utilizing the apparatus of the invention and the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a stimulator system utilizing the present invention.
FIG. 2 illustrates a user interface for use with the stimulator system of FIG.
1.
FIG. 3 illustrates an earpiece for use with the stimulator system of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
The present invention and its use is disclosed herein by describing a specific
embodiment utilizing the invention. By describing this specific embodiment in
detail, those of ordinary skill in the art will come to appreciate and understand
the broader aspects of the present invention and that the present invention
is not limited to the specific embodiment detailed herein.
In perhaps its simplest form, the present invention may be utilized as a user-controllable
device adapted to stimulate the auditory receptors in the human body and/or
to stimulate energy sensitive receptors or centers in or on the body (e.g.,
acupuncture and acupressure points, crystal and/or magnetic points). The present
invention may be implemented by generating a stimulation signal for each ear,
which signals may be independent from or dependent upon one another. The user
of the embodiment is provided utilities to adjust the volume, frequency or tone,
and beat of the signals, including independent adjustment for each signal. The
stimulation signals are converted by transducers worn about or in the ear into
acoustical stimulation of the brain and, therefore, the body. One or more of
crystal, magnetic and acupuncture/acupressure therapies may be combined with
the acoustical stimulation system.
The present invention is not limited to a single embodiment or single mode of
stimulation. Rather, the present invention operates more similarly to the complex
operation of the human body. It is believed that the present invention works
with four integrated systems in order to effect neurological and overall physical
harmonization of body functions. The four systems are 1) brain wave activities
related to emotional states; 2) acoustical stimulation of the related physiological
systems; 3) the therapeutic effects of acupuncture and/or acupressure stimulation
including also crystal and magnetic stimulation; and 4) the psychological impact
of user control over personal stimulation.
The present invention comprises supplying a primary or dominant stimulation
signal to one ear, preferably, but not exclusively, the left ear, and a secondary
or subservient stimulation signal to the other ear. To the extent that the two
signals are independent and different, a tertiary signal or "third wave" is
set up or created based on the differential between the primary and secondary
signals. It is believed that brain wave patterns respond to this tertiary signal.
Applicant has observed that the brain tends to respond to the loudest of the
primary and secondary stimulation signals and that the resulting third wave
stimulates the brain into rapid shifts and alters the emotional relationships
of the mental content. For example, it has been found that if a person is focused
on studying for an exam and is anxious, the mental content is the subject of
the exam and the emotional relationship is the feeling of anxiety. Within a
relatively brief period of receiving acoustic stimulation including primary,
secondary and tertiary stimulation signals, the person may be focusing on the
exam with optimism and positive anticipation. Thus, the present invention can
be implemented to modify the emotional relationship that is coupled to a specific
task or condition. In practice, the dominant stimulation signal may be targeted
to the major body system of focus, and the subservient stimulation signal may
integrate the targeted body system with the rest of the body.
As discussed more fully below in terms of the presently preferred embodiment,
the present invention may be implemented to interact with some or all of a user's
body systems. The clinical applications for such an embodiment are unlimited.
Presently, applicant envisions the clinical areas to which the present invention
has particular application include, but are not limited to: addictions, e.g.,
alcohol, smoking, and food; anxiety; attention deficit disorder, e.g., ADD,
ADHD; autoimmune disorders, e.g., arthritis, M.S., diabetes; cardiovascular
disorders, e.g. hypertension; chronic spinal pain; depression; and enhanced
intellectual performance.
Embodiments of the present invention may be constructed using simple analog
circuits and components, microprocessor-based systems, software systems and/or
any combination of these. It is contemplated that the present invention may
be implemented in dedicated devices designed and manufactured specifically for
the purposes contemplated herein, or as an add-on to existing platforms. For
example, implementation of the present invention may be based upon Pocket PC
or Palm Pilot-type platforms, including, for example cell phones.
One embodiment utilizing the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1. A stimulation
system 10 is shown, which comprises a stimulator 20 and earpieces 30 and 35.
The stimulator 20 comprises a user interface section 40, a microprocessor-based
signal generator 50 and a power supply section 60. The signal generator 50 may
be any of a number of analog circuits or integrated circuits, but in the embodiment
shown in FIG. 1, the signal generator 50 is a Microchip Technology, Inc. PIC18F452
micro controller. The signal generator 50 has an associated crystal 70 for timing
the microprocessor, which in this embodiment is a 9.8304 MHz crystal. The signal
generator 50 is capable of outputting two pulse code modulated (PCM) sine waves
80 and 85, which are inputted to signal conditioning sections 90 and 95, respectively.
Signal conditioning sections 90 and 95 are conventional in the art and condition
the sine waves 80 and 85 for amplification by amplifier sections 100 and 105.
The amplified signals are then communicated to left and right ear pieces 30
and 35. FIG. 1 also illustrates configuration device 110, such as jumper pins
or dip switches for providing some functional control over system 10. A communication
section 120 is provided for communicating with the micro controller, such as
for downloading programs into the micro controller's memory for specific conditions.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the communication section 120 comprises an
RS-232 interface.
FIG. 2 illustrates more specifically the user interface section 40 of FIG. 1.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, user interface 40 has user adjustable
controls for volume, tone and beat. The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 uses a select
switch 130 to cycle the user control through the parameters of volume, tone
and beat. LEDs 140 or other visual indicators are provided to indicate which
parameter may be changed. Left and right switches 150 and 155 are provided so
that the user can increase or decrease the selected parameter. For example,
as the user repeatedly depresses selector switch 130, the LEDS corresponding
to volume, tone and beat light up sequentially. When the tone LED is lit, the
user may increase or decrease the frequency (tone) of the left ear piece signal
by manipulating switch 150 accordingly. Similarly, the tone of the right ear
piece signal may be increased or decreased by manipulating switch 155 accordingly.
An on/off switch 160 and corresponding "on" LED 165 are also provided.
Referring back to FIG. 1, the signal generator 50 is capable of producing a
PCM sine wave that may be selectively varied from about 0.1 Hz to about 4 kHz.
The signal generator 50 can also impose a beat on the PCM sine wave ranging
in frequency from about 0.5 Hz to about 1 kHz, and preferably about 1 Hz to
about 10 Hz. For example, the stimulator system 10 can generate or create stimulation
for specific brain bands, such as 16 24 Hz for the beta state involving active
problem solving and concentration; 8 12 Hz for the Alpha state involving calmness
and focus; 4 7 Hz for the theta state involving imagery and creativity; and
0.5 3 Hz for the delta state involving sleep.
The signal generator 50 generates signals that, when applied to their respective
transducer earpiece 30 or 35, produce the desired acoustic stimulation. FIG.
3 illustrates an embodiment of an ear piece for use with devices employing the
present invention. Ear piece 200 comprises a body 210 having a protuberance
220 design to nestle in a portion of the outer ear canal (not shown). Transducer
230 may be a conventional headphone-type transducer that converts the electric
signal from the stimulator 20 into acoustical energy or sound pressure waves.
Additionally, the ear piece 200 may comprise a crystal 240 and/or magnet 250
to enhance the stimulation of the body.
Also shown in FIG. 1 is a configuration device 110, which communicates with
the signal generator 50. Configuration device 110 may be used to control which
of a plurality of stimulation programs the signal generator section 50 may use.
A specific configuration of dip switches or jumpers in configuration device
110 may allow signal generator 50 to only generate signals 80 and 85 within
a predetermined therapeutic or beneficial range for the condition being treated.
For example, for a lay user seeking treatment of attention deficit, hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD), configuration device 110 can be set to only permit signal generator
section 50 to generate signals that will create, upon transduction by the ear
pieces, stimulation within the therapeutic or beneficial range previously determined
for that user or for that condition. In other words, in the embodiment shown
in FIG. 1 configuration device 110 may be employed to limit the control that
user interface section 40 provides.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the stimulation system 10 can be used
for a plurality of conditions by setting and/or resetting configuration device
110 accordingly. Resetting may be accomplished, depending on the design of stimulation
system 10, by changing a set of jumper wires or dip switches 110, or by loading
condition-specific software (not shown) via the RS-232 communication section
120. In the case of jumper wire or dip switches 110, it is contemplated that
the stimulation system 10 would be pre-loaded with a plurality of programs for
the various treatable conditions. In the case of software programming, individual
programs may be loaded into the memory of the signal generator 50 one at a time
or previously loaded programs may be activated. Of course, the present invention
also permits a stimulation system 10 to provide a plurality of programs (e.g.,
alcohol addiction, ADHD and depression) to the user based on the condition of
a user selectable program switch 180 (FIG.2) on user interface 40 (FIG.2).
It is contemplated that a lay user would purchase a stimulation system 10 pre-programmed
for a specific condition, such as alcohol addiction, and the user would not
be permitted to change the programming (i.e. the treated condition) without
approval from the vendor. Further, it is contemplated that the system 10 may
utilize a timer or use function that records or otherwise logs the amount of
time or number of uses to which the stipulation system 10 has been subjected.
When such time of use or amount of usage reaches a preset limit, the stimulation
system 10 would be rendered inoperative by a lock-out feature until and unless
the user renews the system 10 with the vendor. In the embodiment shown in FIG.
1, such lock-out feature may be programmed into the micro controller.
It is contemplated that wired or wireless data communication may be utilized
to program, re-program and/or renew the system 10. For example, upon purchase
or lease of the system 10 from an authorized vendor, the sales agent may utilize
conventional wired or wireless communication technology (not shown) to install
the desired program into the micro controller and set the timer/lock-out feature
to, for example, 60 uses or 30 days, which ever event first occurs. Upon occurrence
of the lock-out event, the user would call an authorized vendor or log on to
an authorized web site, which vendor site would use wired or wireless data communication
to either reset the lock-out feature 300 or load a different program into system
10.
In use, the user will turn on the system 10 by activating the power switch 160.
If provided, the user will then select the appropriate program by depressing
switch 180 until the appropriate program is selected as indicated by the corresponding
LED. Thereafter, the user will adjust the user controls 130, 150 and 155 as
desired to achieve the desired level and effect of stimulation. The user is
able to select the "best" tone (frequency) for each of the primary and secondary
signals, and therefore, the signal tertiary by manually adjusting the frequency
controls in user interface section 40. In most applications, it is contemplated
that the user will create a tertiary signal or by creating a frequency mismatch
or differential between the left and right ears. For example, if the user sets
the tone of the right ear at 450 Hz and the tone of the left ear at 525 Hz,
a tertiary signal or frequency mismatch of 75 Hz will be created. In addition,
the user may adjust the beat or pulse of the primary and secondary signals,
which may be likened to the beat of a drum, by adjusting the beat controls.
The embodiment thus far described has utilized what may be called a simple or
single PCM sine wave for each ear. Those of skill in the art will now appreciate
that the present invention contemplates the generation of composite sine waves
for each ear or for only one ear. For example, instead of the single, simple
sine wave generated for the left ear, as described with respect to FIG. 1, stimulation
system 10 may be adapted to create several sine waves of differing frequency
and/or phase to form a composite stimulation signal. Such composite signal could
exhibit timbre or "voice," also known as overtones. Such composite signal may
be beneficial for certain conditions and ailments.
Further, stimulation system 10 may generate different stimulation signals sequentially
to affect multiple conditions or ailments at one time. For example and using
the left ear/left channel as an example, stimulation system 10 may be adapted
to produce a compound left channel stimulation signal in which the first or
first several beats or pulses comprise a simple or composite signal directed
toward ameliorating ADHD. The next beat or the next several beats may comprise
a simple or composite signal whose characteristics are directed toward ameliorating
excessive weight gain. Based on the disclosure of the embodiment shown in FIGS.
1 and 2, those of ordinary skill will now appreciate the modifications that
may be made to stimulator 10 and, particularly, to signal generator 50 and user
interface 40 to accommodate these alternate modes of stimulation.
The present invention may be utilized by lay users as well by trained professionals,
such as doctors, health researchers and the like. When professionals use the
present invention with their patients or customers, the implementation may allow
the professional complete access to the full range of stimulation disclosed
herein, rather than being limited to targeting a specific condition or ailment.
In addition, the professional implementation may include biofeedback, such as
heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rhythm, temperature, to
name just a few. The feedback may be of the open loop variety in which the professional
would monitor the biofeedback parameter and adjust the stimulation accordingly.
Alternately, the feedback may be of the closed loop variety in which the biofeedback
parameter is utilized by the stimulation system to automatically adjust one
or more of the adjustable parameters, such as tone, volume, or beat.
Although the embodiment disclosed in FIGS. 1 and 2 allows adjustment of the
primary and secondary signals to establish the characteristics of the third
wave, the present invention may be implemented such that the user adjusts the
primary signal (or the secondary signal) and the differential between the primary
and secondary signals directly.
Turning now to the specifics of the stimulation signals, Applicants have found
the following programs to be beneficial for the listed conditions and ailments.
Attention Deficit Disorder: A
primary frequency of about 60 66 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create
a tertiary signal of about 33 42 Hz. The beat of the primary and the secondary
signals may be selected by the user for best effect.
Attention Maintenance: A primary
frequency of about 56 61 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary
signal of about 37 44 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may
be selected by the user for best effect.
Eating Disorders: A primary frequency
of about 55 65 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 37 45 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Weight Wellness: To help each
individual achieve the healthy weight for their body, a primary frequency of
about 56 61 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 72 93 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Depression: A primary frequency
of about 40 61 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 16 25 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Anxiety: A primary frequency
of about 37 42 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 27 32 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Chronic Pain: A primary frequency
of about 42 56 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 12 32 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Acute Pain: A primary frequency
of about 33 370 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 31 350 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be
selected by the user for best effect.
Addictions: A primary frequency
of about 24 32 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 12 18 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Sleep Disorders: A primary frequency
of about 8 12 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 2 4 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Iatrogenic Pain: Pain that is
due to medical procedures and interventions may find relief with a primary frequency
of about 12 56 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 10 46 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Parkinson's: A primary frequency
of about 100 210 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary
signal of about 55 180 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals
may be selected by the user for best effect.
Alzheimer's: A primary frequency
of about 100 120 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary
signal of about 55 75 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may
be selected by the user for best effect.
Hypertension: A primary frequency
of about 56 61 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 52 55 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Diabetes: A primary frequency
of about 64 68 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 40 55 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Sexual Issues: A primary frequency
of about 45 50 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 33 38 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Stress: A primary frequency of
about 20 32 Hz and a secondary frequency selected to create a tertiary signal
of about 12 15 Hz. The beat of the primary and/or secondary signals may be selected
by the user for best effect.
Applicants envision that the present invention and its method of use would not
supplant the current treatment or protocol to which a user has been referred,
although such may be the case in specific instances. Rather, applicants envision
the present invention and its method of use as a supplement or adjuvant.
Having described a specific embodiment
utilizing the aspects of the present invention, applicant claims protection
for his invention as set forth in the following claims:
What is claimed is:
1. A system for acoustically stimulating the brain, comprising: a signal generator
capable of generating at least two acoustical signals each having a frequency
of about 0.1 hertz to about 4,000 hertz; a user interface communicating with
the signal generator and providing a user the capability to adjust at least
the frequency and volume of at least one of the two acoustical signals; first
and second ear pieces adapted to reside in or about the user's ears and each
comprising a transducer for converting the acoustical signal in to acoustical
energy for stimulating the brain into a desired state of activity; and wherein
the system does not determine an actual brain wave activity of the user.
2. The system of claim 1 further comprising the ability to adjust a beat of
at least one of the acoustical signals from about 0.5 hertz to about 1,000 hertz.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the beat of the at least one acoustical signal
can be adjusted from about 1 hertz to about 10 hertz.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the acoustical signals is
a simple sine wave and the other is a composite sine wave having frequency overtones.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the acoustical signals are selected from the
group consisting of: a simple sine wave, a composite sine wave, a compound sine
wave and any combination of the foregoing.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is programmable.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the system can be programmed by wired or wireless
data transmission.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the system can be programmed to generate specific
ranges of brain activity.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the system is programmed to generate a range
of brain activity that benefits or ameliorates a condition selected from the
group consisting of: attention deficit disorder, attention maintenance, eating
disorder, weight wellness, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, acute pain, addiction,
sleep disorder, iatrogenic pain, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, hypertension, diabetes,
sexual dysfunction, stress and any combination of the foregoing.
10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a resettable lock out feature
that allows the user a predetermined number of uses or hours of usage before
the user is locked out of further use.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the lock out feature can be reset by wired
or wireless data transmission.
12. An acoustical stimulation system, comprising: a signal generator capable
of generating at least two acoustical signals each having a frequency of about
0.1 hertz to about 4,000 hertz; a user interface communicating with the signal
generator and providing a user the capability to adjust at least the frequency,
volume and beat of at least one of the two acoustical signals such that a frequency
differential may be created between the at least two acoustical signals; first
and second ear pieces adapted to reside in or about the user's ears and each
comprising a transducer for converting the at least two acoustical signals into
acoustical energy for stimulating, along with the frequency differential, the
brain into a desired state of activity; and wherein the system does not determine
an actual brain wave activity of the user.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the beat of the acoustical signals can be
adjusted from about 0.5 hertz to about 1,000 hertz.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the beat of the acoustical signals can be
adjusted from about 1 hertz to about 10 hertz.
15. The system of claim 12, wherein the at least one of the acoustical signals
is a simple sine wave and another is a composite sine wave having frequency
overtones.
16. The system of claim 12, wherein the acoustical signals are selected from
the group consisting of: a simple sine wave, a composite sine wave, a compound
sine wave and any combination of the foregoing.
17. The system of claim 12, wherein the system is programmable.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the system can be programmed by wired or
wireless data transmission.
19. The system of claim 17, wherein the system can be programmed to generate
specific ranges of brain activity.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the system is programmed to generate a range
of brain activity that benefits or ameliorates a condition selected from the
group consisting of: attention deficit disorder, attention maintenance, eating
disorder, weight wellness, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, acute pain, addiction,
sleep disorder, iatrogenic pain, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, hypertension, diabetes,
sexual dysfunction, stress and any combination of the foregoing.
21. The system of claim 12, further comprising a resettable lock out feature
that allows the user a predetermined number or hours of usage before the user
is locked out of further use.
22. The system of claim 12, wherein the lock out feature can be reset by wired
or wireless data transmission.
23. A method of stimulating the brain with acoustic energy, comprising: providing
a stimulation system comprising a signal generator and a user interface; generating
a primary acoustic signal having a set of parameters, including at least frequency
and volume, without determining an actual brain wave activity of a user; generating
a secondary acoustic signal having a set of parameters, including at least frequency
and volume, wherein at least one of the secondary signal parameters is different
than its counterpart primary signal parameter; converting the primary and secondary
signals into sound waves; supplying the sound waves converted from the primary
signal to one ear and supplying the sound waves converted from the secondary
signal to the other ear; and interactively adjusting one or more of the parameters
of the primary and/or secondary signals to create a desired brain state, which
is based upon the differential between the at least one parameter of the primary
and secondary signal.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising, providing the system with memory
for storing software; and loading into the system memory a program for controlling
the system in a manner consistent with the desired brain state.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the desired brain state is associated with
benefiting or ameliorating a specific condition.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising generating a range of brain activity
that benefits or ameliorates a condition selected from the group consisting
of: attention deficit disorder, attention maintenance, eating disorder, weight
wellness, depression, anxiety, chronic pain, acute pain, addiction, sleep disorder,
iatrogenic pain, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, hypertension, diabetes, sexual dysfunction,
stress and any combination of the foregoing.
27. The method of claim 23, wherein the primary and/or secondary signals are
selected from the group consisting of simple sine wave, composite sine wave,
compound sine wave and any combination of the foregoing.
28. The method of claim 23, wherein the secondary acoustic signal is generated
without determining an actual brain wave activity of the user.
29. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one of the acoustical signals
is a compound single.
30. The system of claim 1, further comprising a phase difference between the
acoustical signals.
31. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is sized to be held in a hand
of the user.